Globalization, unemployment and vocational guidance

 I think that trade liberalization and globalization of the economy favoured by rapid technological developments produce economic development opportunities for countries but also cause instability and employability difficulties for a significant part of the population: generally young,  women’s, low-skilled workers, collective of people over 45 years ...

The current thinking on the future of work stating that the survival of businesses in a global environment require greater competitiveness and needs  most qualified staff that in local or regional markets seems not fully confirmed because there another reality that suggests the fact that in some countries the occupational structure remains largely an offer of low-skilled jobs, mainly in the field of agriculture and services, where give as paradoxes  "the youth more prepared in history country's recent and one of the highest unemployment rate of its history".

For now, we can conclude that neither the market has sufficient capacity to absorb the number of unemployed or the institutions able to ensure "the right and duty of all citizens to work." Strategies of growth policies in the short term as more orthodox: a) reducing the welfare state and increased consumption, while measures are implemented for the integration of the unemployed into the labour market or b) the reducing workforce through extraction people of the labour market (e.g. over 55 years) may lead to a split in the labour market (necessary or surplus) if stretched too in time. Perhaps we should evaluate third ways with other long-term strategies that seek to adjust existing resources to opportunities that are appearing through modifying the current concept of work and a new organization of the same: job sharing (community activity) and employment (gainful employment), disconnect between social income and labour income...

We can argue this statement through a brief tour of the concept work that society had along history

• Primitive societies: Neolithic to not start separation between work and live
• Greece and Rome: Opposition work (labor) pleasure (Otium). The task of ensuring the material needs should make slaves only institutionalization of slave labour allowed free citizens engage in intellectual work
• From feudalism to medieval industry: it accentuates the division between mental and manual labour. Separation between field work and the city (artisans, scholars and traders)
• The modern age: Two different religious concepts a) the work as cargo, annoyance, disappointment and suffering b). Work as industriousness and duty
• Seventeenth and eighteenth centuries: the industrial revolution in the work happens to have an economic category. Is a delightful well those people who are equipped and can be bought and sold
• Industrial society: S XIX: social categories based on the work. Considered the essence of man; industrial work vs. spiritual work (political, artistic, philosophical systems ...)
• Employment and welfare state: consider work as a right and duty of all the citizens. The main indicator is the universal declaration of human rights (1984)
• Postindustrial society: developing countries in terms of the amount of the active population is engaged in each sector

In conclusion I would say that today, specifically focusing on some countries the European level, we have a currency crisis and a supply market (where the production of goods and services exceeds consumer demand) that leads to alarming rates of unemployment, with corresponding negative social impacts, such as increased marginalization, mainly young people, to an increase in precarious employment and a greater demand for qualification to work, causing mainly based career guidance their efforts to develop strategies to facilitate the employment in highly competitive markets and often remote geographical origin of the applicants.

Based on the recent experience of the key features and providing occupational scenarios [1]. In a future career guidance may need to change the approach stable jobs, in terms of content and organization, along professional life and emphasize the development of skills and strategies to help manage the discontinuity of careers and possibility of self-employment.

[1]600 million jobs will be needed over a period of 15 years to maintain current employment rates - World Bank report on development prospects 2013 -