Climate Change and Democracy. Insights from Asia and the Pacific

Addressing climate change presents both obstacles and opportunities for democratic systems. As we already experience the impact of climate change globally, the implementation of climate solutions often does not coincide with the typical timelines of democratic processes. However, democratic frameworks provide essential platforms for collaboration and agreement among governments, citizens, companies, and NGOs, crucial for tackling the climate emergency. This dynamic of challenges and opportunities underscores the importance for democracies to learn from each other's experiences and strategies.

The Asia-Pacific region, highly susceptible to climate change, is an ideal candidate for such collaborative learning. This report delves into the intersection of democracy and the climate crisis through 10 case studies from Asia and Oceania, including diverse nations from Australia, India, and Indonesia to smaller island nations like Fiji, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu.

These studies reveal the intricate relationship between democratic governance and climate initiatives. Democracies are compelled to address emerging and intensifying threats like climate-induced inequalities and displacement. Simultaneously, democratic structures offer avenues for public involvement in shaping, informing, and collectively creating climate-related policies and actions.

Furthermore, the report illustrates how democratic processes can be enhanced through climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts. Examples include boosting youth engagement in political activities and reinforcing collaboration between local and national authorities. In nations like Indonesia and India, religious and civil society groups have gained momentum and unity by advocating for climate measures.

The countries examined show varied levels of climate vulnerability, preparedness, and action, influenced by geographical, capacity, and resource differences. Acknowledging this variation, the report advocates for collective action informed by the experiences of communities most affected by climate change, such as those in Bhutan, the Pacific Islands, and the Torres Strait Islands of Australia. It also emphasizes the need for increased international climate funding that is not only sufficient but also rooted in effective democratic frameworks.

This report represents just one aspect of International IDEA's dedication to promoting democratic approaches to climate action. This mission is crucial for both environmental and democratic health. If democracies fail to effectively address climate change, their validity, especially in the eyes of the youth who are acutely aware of the urgency of climate issues, may be questioned. For democracy to maintain its relevance and reputation, it must continually prove its effectiveness in solving significant challenges, with the climate crisis being one of the most critical.