Constrained Gazelles. High potentials in West Africa’s informal economy - ISS 2012

The study shows that even among lower tier entrepreneurs profitability can be quite high. The authors combine these findings and develop an innovative approach to identify what we call ‘constrained gazelles’, next to the well-known survivalists in the lower tier and growth-oriented top-performers in the upper tier. The sample of informal entrepreneurs in seven West-African countries allows to link the relative size of  these three groups countries.