India Enabling Environment baseline snapshot

India’s civil society has long been a cornerstone of the nation’s democratic and developmental journey. Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) have significantly contributed to areas such as education, healthcare, women's empowerment, and environmental sustainability, often reaching underserved communities and complementing government initiatives. 

However, the operational environment for CSOs in India has grown increasingly complex and restrictive in recent years. Many organisations face heightened regulatory scrutiny and administrative challenges, which have affected their ability to function smoothly. In particular, those engaged in advocacy and rights-based work often encounter suspicion and are sometimes portrayed as adversarial, which can hinder their freedom to operate effectively. 

This situation is further compounded during periods of geopolitical tension—such as the recent conflict between India and Pakistan—which tend to heighten national security concerns and often lead to stricter monitoring of foreign funding and cross-border collaborations, impacting CSOs that work in peacebuilding, human rights, or international solidarity. Despite these challenges, promising opportunities are emerging. 

Domestic philanthropy is expanding, with more corporate and individual donors stepping forward to support social causes. Youth-led initiatives and digital mobilisation efforts are gaining momentum, bringing fresh energy, innovation, and community engagement to the sector. Additionally, collaborations between CSOs and local government bodies are being explored to address civic issues more effectively.