Civil Society Enabling Environment
The conditions that allow Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) to exist and operate are shaped by a country’s laws, institutional practices, power dynamics, social and cultural norms and narratives, as well as access to resources. The basic conditions for an enabling environment for civil society are provided by key fundamental rights and freedoms such as freedom of association, freedom of expression, the right to peaceful assembly, and the ability to engage in policy-making processes. The degree to which these freedoms and rights are protected, promoted, and upheld by the state and its institutions directly impacts the capacity of CSOs to effectively carry out their missions and drive positive change within their communities and beyond.
Administrative practices, including requirements for registration, taxation and audit, can also support or hinder the ability of civil society to operate effectively. Furthermore, the support structures and services, the unhindered access to resources (human, financial, land, infrastructure, etc.) and their availability, the opportunities for capacity development and networking, all play a crucial role to enable CSOs to play their multifaceted roles in support of societal development. This “civil society infrastructure” not only facilitates day-to-day operations but plays a key part in the long-term influence and sustainability of these organisations.
Other factors that shape the enabling environment include access to communication tools, issues of equality and gender, social ethics, integrity, and the rule of law. Together, these elements support or limit the ability of CSOs to achieve their goals. Understanding and navigating this complex environment is critical for anyone looking to support or work with civil society.
Policy framework
The EU is dedicated to supporting, protecting and broadening the opportunities for civil society to thrive. This commitment is highlighted in several EU external action policies and documents. The most prominent is the 2012 Communication "The Roots of Democracy and Sustainable Development: Europe's Engagement with Civil Society in External Relations” in which creating a supportive environment for civil society is the first priority.
The EU Action Plan on Human Rights and Democracy 2020-2024 focuses on supporting civil society by developing tools to detect and address any early threats on their freedom to operate. It also proposes methods to monitor opportunities for enhancing civil society’s ability to work openly and safely. The plan emphasises the importance of creating a secure environment where civil society organisations can act independently. It also advocates for long-term strategic support to strengthen these organisations and enhance their meaningful participation in global, regional and local governance.
A supportive environment for civil society is a crucial part of the Global Gateway Strategy, which is built on fundamental principles such as democratic values and high environmental, social and governance (ESG) standards, transparency and accountability, and the idea of equal partnerships and benefits to local communities. Together with partner governments and other relevant national stakeholders, local communities “must have their full say through proper public consultations and civil society involvement” (Global Gateway Communication). Civil society actors have a key role to play in ensuring the sustainable impact of Global Gateway initiatives, as experts, community representatives, bridge builders and watchdogs.